- Lakh and crore
- Indian units: one lakh is 1,00,000 (a hundred thousand) and one crore is 1,00,00,000 (ten million). ₹1 lakh crore is ₹1 trillion.
- Inflation (CPI)
- How much more a fixed basket of everyday goods and services costs than in the same month a year earlier. CPI is the Consumer Price Index.
- Provisional and final
- The first figure an official body publishes is provisional and may change. It becomes final once the body confirms it, often a month or a year later.
- Early, revised and final estimates (GDP)
- India’s GDP for a year is estimated several times: first and second advance estimates before the year ends, a provisional estimate after it, then revised and final estimates in later years.
- Base year
- The year a statistical series is anchored to. When the base year changes, the method changes too, so figures on the old and new base cannot be compared directly.
- Real (constant prices)
- A figure with price changes removed, so it shows how much more was produced or earned, not just how much prices rose.
- Budget estimate, revised estimate, actual
- For the Union Budget: the budget estimate is the plan made at the start of the year, the revised estimate is the updated plan later that year, and the actual is what was really spent or received.
- Fiscal deficit
- How much the government spends beyond what it earns in the year, other than by borrowing. It is roughly what the government has to borrow.
- Financial year (FY)
- India’s financial year runs from 1 April to 31 March. FY 2025–26 is April 2025 to March 2026.
- Cognisable crime
- A crime police can register as an FIR and investigate without first getting a court’s permission, such as theft, assault or murder. NCRB’s crime figures count cognisable crimes only.
- Preview
- A number we have prepared but not yet checked and published. Previews are visible only while we build the site.